In Italian, andare (to go) and venire (to come) are fundamental irregular verbs. Understanding them requires learning their specific forms and, more importantly, understanding the perspective of the movement.
Both verbs are irregular in the present tense. You must memorize these forms as fixed paradigms:
The choice between these two verbs depends on where the speaker and the listener are located.
Use andare to express movement away from the speaker's current location toward a destination where the listener is not present.
It is also used for figurative meanings like suitability or obligation:
Use venire to express movement toward the speaker, toward the listener, or to a place where one of them will be.
Note that in Italian, if you are joining someone at their location, you use venire, whereas in English you might say "I'm going there."
The verb venire belongs to a group of verbs that share a specific irregular pattern: the insertion of -ng- in the first person singular (io) and third person plural (loro), and a vowel change (e โ ie) in the singular forms and third person plural.
Verbs that follow this model include tenere (to hold/keep), rimanere (to remain), and derivatives of venire like intervenire (to intervene) or provenire (to come from).
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