Italian Demonstrative Pronouns: Questo, Quello, and CiΓ²
In Italian, demonstrative pronouns are used to point to specific objects or people without repeating the noun. They must agree in gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/plural) with the noun they replace.
1. Questo (This / These)
Questo refers to something close to the speaker. Unlike its adjective form, which can sometimes shorten, the pronoun always uses these four standard endings:
- Questo (Masculine Singular) - Questo Γ¨ Marco. (This is Marco.)
- Questa (Feminine Singular) - Questa Γ¨ la mia casa. (This is my house.)
- Questi (Masculine Plural) - Questi sono i miei libri. (These are my books.)
- Queste (Feminine Plural) - Queste sono le tue chiavi. (These are your keys.)
2. Quello (That / Those)
Quello refers to something far from the speaker. While the adjective "quello" changes based on the first letter of the next word (like an article), the pronoun "quello" is much simpler and only uses four forms:
- Quello (Masculine Singular) - Ti piace questo libro o quello? (Do you like this book or that one?)
- Quella (Feminine Singular) - Questa macchina Γ¨ vecchia, quella Γ¨ nuova. (This car is old, that one is new.)
- Quelli (Masculine Plural) - Prendo questi biscotti, non quelli. (I'll take these cookies, not those ones.)
- Quelle (Feminine Plural) - Guarda le montagne: quelle sono le Alpi. (Look at the mountains: those are the Alps.)
3. The Neutral Pronoun: CiΓ²
Italian uses ciΓ² to refer to an abstract idea, a whole sentence, or a situation. It is invariable (it never changes its ending).
- CiΓ² Γ¨ molto interessante. (This/That is very interesting.)
- Raccontami ciΓ² che hai visto. (Tell me what [that which] you saw.)
4. Formal Pronouns for People
In formal or literary Italian, specific pronouns are used only for people:
- Costui / Costei / Costoro: "This person / these people" (often used with a slightly negative or formal tone).
Chi Γ¨ costui? (Who is this man?)
- Colui / Colei / Coloro: "That person / those people" (often followed by "che" meaning "those who").
Coloro che parlano inglese... (Those who speak English...)