The Verb "être" (To Be) in French
The verb être is one of the most important verbs in the French language. It translates to both "to be" (am/is/are) in English. It is an irregular verb, meaning its forms do not follow a standard pattern.
Present Tense Conjugation
- Je suis (I am)
- Tu es (You are - singular informal)
- Il est (He is / It is)
- Elle est (She is / It is)
- On est (One is / We are - informal)
- Nous sommes (We are)
- Vous êtes (You are - singular formal OR plural)
- Ils sont (They are - masculine or mixed)
- Elles sont (They are - feminine only)
Basic Usage
We use être to describe states of being, professions, nationalities, and characteristics.
- Je suis étudiant. (I am a student.)
- Elle est française. (She is French.)
- Vous êtes très gentil. (You are very kind. - singular formal)
- Nous sommes à Paris. (We are in Paris.)
The Negative Form
To make a sentence negative, place ne before the verb and pas after it. Note that ne becomes n' before a vowel.
- Je ne suis pas fatigué. (I am not tired.)
- Il n'est pas professeur. (He is not a teacher.)
- Elles ne sont pas ici. (They are not here.)
The Interrogative Form (Questions)
There are several ways to ask questions. You can use Est-ce que at the beginning or invert the subject and verb.
- Est-ce que tu es prêt ? (Are you ready?)
- Êtes-vous marié ? (Are you married? - formal)
- Sont-ils contents ? (Are they happy?)